The CLDN5 locus may be involved in the vulnerability to schizophrenia.

The present study was designed to detect three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on 22q11 that was thought as being of particularly importance for genetic research into schizophrenia. We recruited a total of 176 Chinese family trios of Han descent, consisting of mothers, fathers and affected offspring with schizophrenia for the genetic analysis. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) showed that of three SNPs, rs10314 in the 3'-untranslated region of the CLDN5 locus was associated with schizophrenia (chi(2) = 4.75, P = 0.029). The other two SNPs, rs1548359 present in the CDC45L locus centromeric of rs10314 and rs739371 in the 5'-flanking region of the CLDN5 locus, did not show such an association. The global chi-square (chi(2)) test showed that the 3-SNP haplotype system was not associated with schizophrenia although the 1-df test for individual haplotypes showed that the rs1548359(C)-rs10314(G)-rs739371(C) haplotype was excessively non-transmitted (chi(2) = 5.32, P = 0.02). Because the claudin proteins are a major component for barrier-forming tight junctions that could play a crucial role in response to changing natural, physiological and pathological conditions, the CLDN5 association with schizophrenia may be an important clue leading to look into a meeting point of genetic and environmental factors.     

Doppler examination and cerebral arterial stricture in patients with ischemic stroke

With the development of interventional therapy, it is necessary for evaluating cerebral vessels to instruct treatment and determine prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke; however, correlation of distribution of infarction focus and clinical symptoms with degrees of cerebrovasoular stricture is still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of cerebral arterial stricture of patients with ischemic stroke with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and color duplex flow imaging (CDFI) and compare the correlation between distribution of cerebral infarction focus and clinical types with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).DESIGN: Contrast observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 159 patients with ischemic stroke were selected from the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University from January to December 2005, including 106 males and 53 females aged from 27 to 88 years. Bases on diagnostic criteria of cerebrovascular disease established by Rao et al, clinical manifestations of all patients were evaluated with CT or nuclear magnetic resonance. All patients provided the confirmed consent.METHODS: The accepted patients received TCD and CDFI examination at 1 week after onset of ischemic stroke. Among them, 112 patients received cerebrovascular imaging examination simultaneously. MRI was used to check cerebral infarction focus and cerebrovascular stricture ＞ 50% was regarded as the accepted vessels. In addition, DWI-T2 TCD (Germany) was used to check middle cerebral artery, and degrees of middle cerebral artery were classified into mild, moderate and severe stricture based on blood velocity (140 cm/s,180 cm/s). Stroke was classified based on characteristics of infarction focus and clinical symptoms showed with MRI and correlation with degrees of cerebrovascular stricture was analyzed simultaneously.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between the characteristics of ischemic stroke and clinical symptoms checked with TCD and CDFI.RESULTS: A total of 159 patients with ischemic stroke were involved in the final analysis; in addition, 112 oases received cerebrovascular imaging examination simultaneously. ① MRI results of 159 patients with cerebral artery occlusive disease (CAOD): There were 131 patients (82.3%) with cerebral infarction, 40 (25.2%)with transient ischemic attack and 4 (2.5%) with subclavian steal syndrome (SSS). ② Infarction types with MRI examination: There were 33 patients (20.8%) with solitary cerebral infarction and 98 (61.6%) with multiple-cerebral infarction. ③ Results of TCD, CDFI, MRI angiography, CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA): Among 112 patients, 181 lesion sites (61 .8%) were located in cranium and 112 lesion sites were located out of cranium; especially, lesion site was mostly observed in stem of middle cerebral artery (31.2%) and watershed of basilar artery (7.2%) in cranium and the beginning site of internal carotid artery (21 .4%) out of cranium. ④ Correlation of vascular stricture checking with TCD, MRI and clinical diagnosis: On one hand, MRI and clinical diagnosis demonstrated that 68 patients had a watershed infarction; meanwhile,TCD examination indicated that there were 3 patients with mild vascular stricture, 24 with moderate vascular stricture and 36 with severe vascular stricture. On the other hand, among 68 patients with non-watershed infarction, there were 27 patient with mild vascular stricture, 26 with moderate vascular stricture and 15 with severe vascular stricture. There were significant differences (x2 =26.854, P =0.001 ). Clinical diagnosis indicated that 40 patients had transient ischemic attack and TCD examination demonstrated that there were 8 patient with mild vascular stricture, 12 with moderate vascular stricture and 20 with severe vascular stricture. There were significant differences as compared with 68 patients with watershed infarction (x2 =21.258, P =0.001). ⑤Correlation of vascular stricture checking with CDFI, MRI and clinical diagnosis: On one hand, among patients who were determined as watershed infarction with MRI and clinical diagnosis, CDFI examination indicated that there were 32 patients with mild vascular stricture at neck, 25 with moderate vascular stricture and 6 with severe vascular stricture. On the other hand, among patients with non-watershed infarction, there were 48 patient with mild vascular stricture, 18 with moderate vascular stricture and 2 with severe vascular stricture.There were significant differences (x2 =6.018, P =0.019). Among patients with transient ischemic attack checking with clinical diagnosis, there were 23 patient with mild vascular stricture, 9 with moderate vascular stricture and 8 with severe vascular stricture. There were no significant differences as compared with patients with non-watershed infarction (x2 =0.597, P=0.440).CONCLUSION: ① TCD and CDFI are effective marks to determine cerebral arterial stricture and hemodynamical changes. ② Infarction and transient ischemic attack at watershed are generally clinical phenotypes of CAOD patients and infarction at watershed is correlated with degrees of cerebrovascular stricture.③ TCD, MRI and clinical analysis of stroke types are significant for instructing treatment and evaluate prognosis.     

银杏叶提取物对宫内缺氧新生大鼠神经细胞凋亡的保护效应

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物(EGb)对宫内缺氧新生大鼠急性脑缺血损伤的保护作用。方法 夹闭妊娠大鼠子宫血管，制成急性脑缺血损伤新生鼠模型，治疗组给予腹腔注射EGb，在生后不同时间比较两组仔鼠脑组织含水量、NO的变化,神经型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)的表达及神经细胞凋亡情况变化。结果 急性脑缺血后，脑组织含水量明显增加，NO的含量迅速上升，同时凋亡细胞数增加，两者成直线正相关。EGb治疗后NO含量显著低于未治疗组，同时观察到治疗组的nNOS表达明显降低，凋亡细胞数量减少。结论EGb对急性缺血引起的脑损伤有保护作用。     

糖基化终末产物对大鼠肾系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1表达韵影响

目的：观察糖基化终末产物（AGEs）对大鼠肾系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）表达的影响及其与细胞外基质（ECM）成分含量的关系。方法：体外培养正常大鼠肾系膜细胞，分别用糖化牛血清白蛋白（AGEs）及未经糖化的牛血清白蛋白（BSA）处理，以常规培养的肾系膜细胞作为对照，检测不同时间、不同浓度AGEs对纤维连接蛋白（FN）、Ⅳ型胶原、PAI-1表达的影响。MTT法检测AGEs对系膜细胞增殖的作用，ELISA测定条件培养基中FN、Ⅳ型胶原及PAI-1蛋白含量，逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）检测系膜细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达。结果：与相应浓度的BSA比较，AGEs（0—200mg／L）对系膜细胞增殖无明显影响，但可不同程度地刺激系膜细胞FN、Ⅳ型胶原、PAI-1蛋白的产生。RT—PCR检测显示，给予AGEs（100mg／L）的系膜细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达明显增加（P〈0．01）。结论：AGEs促进系膜细胞PAI—1的表达，提示AGEs通过上调PAI-1的表达而减少细胞外基质降解，可能是糖尿病肾病细胞外基质积聚的原因之一。     

Creutzfeldt-Jakob病脑组织14-3-3蛋白表达及其意义

目的探讨Creutzfeldt—Jakob病（CJD）脑组织内14-3-3蛋白表达及其诊断意义。方法实验组为5例cJD额叶组织，对照组为4例非CJD额叶组织。采用14-3-3B和s抗体，通过链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化酶（S—P）免疫组织化学方法进行检测。并参照KB、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、PrP免疫组织化学染色和129基因型检测结果。结果实验组5例脑组织14—3-3蛋白有较多地表达，其中3例灰质与星形胶质细胞尤著。其表达程度与PrP沉积类型有关，而与PrP129基因型无关。对照组4例中除2例急性脑挫伤仅个别神经细胞有表达外，肾上腺脑白质营养不良与额颞叶痴呆灰质和白质均无表达。结论14-3．3蛋白在脑内较多地表达，有利于CJD的病理诊断。     

大鼠臂丛神经根吻合后脊髓病理改变和轴突再生的研究

目的 评价臂丛神经根椎孔外断裂后神经根直接吻合的可行性.方法 取4～6月龄SD大鼠48只,雌雄不限,体重250～300 g.手术分离左侧C5～7神经根至臂丛神经干部,于椎孔外根干交界部位切断C5～7神经根,切断后即刻吻合(实验侧);右侧不作处理(对照侧).术后观察大鼠一般情况,于术后3周,3、6个月取材,行大体、组织学观察及BDA神经示踪技术,观察肱二头肌湿重变化,脊髓前角α运动神经元和神经元内尼氏体数目及形态的改变,周围神经纤维再生数目、距离,轴索和髓鞘发育情况.结果 大鼠术后存活良好.实验侧术后呈跛行步态,出现展爪反射;3个月后展爪反射消失;对照侧正常.大体观察,实验侧术后6个月内神经粘连加重,吻合口两侧神经干干瘪,无光泽;对照侧正常.术后3周和3个月实验侧及对照侧肱二头肌湿重分别为(0.28±012)、(1.37±0.33)g和(0.58±0.10)、(1.36±0.35)g,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);6个月时分别为(1.39±0.31)、(1.37±0.38)g,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).实验侧脊髓和上干改良Marsland与LFB双重染色后观察脊髓内神经元数目减少,胞体由肿大到皱缩,细胞核和尼氏体减少;上干内染色完整的神经纤维逐渐增多,神经轴索较细,髓鞘淡染.术后3周、3个月、6个月实验侧脊髓前角α运动神经元数目分别为对照侧的84.5%±3.2%、74.4%±4.5%、73.7%±3.8%.实验侧肱二头肌HE染色观察术后3个月内变性明显,之后逐渐恢复;对照侧无明显变性.术后6个月神经纤维BDA染色观察:神经越靠近近端,髓鞘着色越明显,轴突越粗大:越靠近远端时情况相反,并可见到轴突中断.肌皮神经入肌点处偶见阳性标记的神经髓鞘和轴突.结论 臂丛神经根椎孔外断裂即刻吻合后,脊髓前角α运动神经元坏死比率为20%～30%,残存神经元多为受损神经元,再生神经纤维表现为动力不足和发育不全,对终末器官功能恢复无意义.肱二头肌恢复机制有待进一步研究.     

吉林省38所医院护理工作抽查情况分析

吉林省第一周期的医院评审工作基本结束,为了巩固成果,防止滑坡,吉林省医院评审委员会多次组织专家对38所二三级甲乙等医院护理工作进行现场抽查。对吉林省护理工作的概况及抽查中发现的共性问题进行了分析。同时建议:加强护理人员的职业道德教育;解决护理人员编制不足问题;提高护理人员技术劳务价值;运用激励手段提高护理工作质量。     

2010—2021年国内外老年多重慢病研究热点分析

背景 随着人口老龄化进程的加快,同时患有多种慢病已成为老年人的常态,老年多重慢病相关研究也不断丰富,但鲜有对其研究进展及热点进行分析。目的 分析国内外老年多重慢病的研究热点,揭示近十年来（2010—2021年）老年多重慢病领域研究前沿的热点主题,为相关研究者追踪前沿信息提供参考。方法 基于文本挖掘技术和文献计量学等方法,检索Web of Science核心合集、Scopus、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、PubMed、中华医学会期刊全文数据库、APA-PsycINFO美国心理学会数据库中老年多重慢病领域的相关文献,检索时间为2010—2021年。使用CiteSpace 6.1.3、PASW 18、BICOMB 2.04等软件对文献的发文量趋势、来源、作者、机构、关键词等方面进行分析及可视化,并绘制战略坐标图对领域研究热点进行分析。结果 最终纳入老年多重慢病相关文献9 392篇,其中外文文献5 776篇,中文文献3 616篇。2010—2021年老年多重慢病领域中外文献发文量均呈指数型增长,中文文献年增长率为13.27%,外文文献年增长率为15.84%,该领域正处于发展阶段。中...     

卡介苗作为抗肿瘤重组蛋白疫苗佐剂的研究

目的：探讨卡介苗（BCG）能否增强抗肿瘤疫苗HSP-MUC1的特异性抑瘤作用，从而将BCG开发为肿瘤疫苗的新型佐剂。方法：动物水平上，BCG和HSP-MUC1共免疫小鼠，观察BCG能否增强HSP-MUC1所激发的特异性抑瘤作用。细胞水平上对BCG发挥佐剂作用的机制进行探讨，将BCG和HSP-MUC1共刺激树突状细胞（DC），观察BCG能否协同HSP-MUC1刺激DC表面的CD86分子表达的上调；并对DC培养上清中IL-6、TNF-α的水平进行测定。结果：BCG＋HSP-MUC1组小鼠的肿瘤重量显著地低于HSP-MUC1组（P〈0.05）。细胞学试验显示，BCG能够显著增强HSP-MUC1对DC的激活作用，使DC表面的CD86分子显著上调。BCG＋HSP-MUC1组的DC培养上清中细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α的水平显著地高于HSP-MUC1组（P〈0.05）。结论：BCG能够显著地增强HSP-MUC1的抗肿瘤活性，具有肿瘤疫苗佐剂的良好功效。